The sweeper doesn't have as hard a job of reaching the winger in the first place as he was already in between him and the goal, plus it would be a 1v1 but then the other defenders have time to run back behind the sweeper and cover in case he gets beaten. In a flat back line the advantage is with offside, but with the sweeper it'd take a wicked solo goal to actually score from there while being covered.
The difference is with a flat back line that it's all or nothing, there is little time left and if the fullback or CB gets beaten it's just a 1v1 with the goalkeeper and almost a sure goal. With the sweeper, if a fullback gets beaten then the sweeper is there to take the player on and buy time, if he gets beaten after that then by that time the other CB and opposite fullback have already ran back to cover him as well. It's not as black or white and you have several chances to make up for one or two players not being able to do the job correctly.
It wouldn't work like that in reality. The sweeper wouldn't reach him and even if he did you're other players wouldn't have got back in time to cover the striker your sweeper left free to close down the winger.
The speed and placement if the pass means the sweeper has to run very quickly to reach the free winger. The winger is much quicker than your sweeper and will get a clear shot on goal.
You're system is as all or nothing as a flat back four but even worse as you give their winger a head start on you're fullback and they are still onside, they are guaranteed to get the ball and outpace your sweeper and score.
Ith a flat back four most through passes can be controlled by offside trap or if not you're players have a head start on their winger/striker, the all or nothing situation you talk about onlyhappens because of bad pressure on the ball and is not the fault of the flat back four.
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